![]() The age group of > 50 years (OR 4.275 ), male gender (OR 2.608 ), and the treatment pattern with ATR, PAM and GPR (OR 2.233 ) were independently associated with mortality. Patients requiring intubation were also lowest in the group treated with ATR and PAM (27.51%). ![]() Consumption of poison with a suicidal intention was reported in 98.19% of the patients, and the treatment with ATR and PAM (42.86%) was observed to have lower days of ventilation in comparison to the treatment with ATR and GPR ( p = 0.003). A total of 441 patients were included in the study, of which 69.16% were males, and 375 patients survived. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to investigate the risk factors associated with mortality and odds ratio (OR). The outcome of the patients was assessed in terms of survival, intubation, ICU days, and days of ventilation and hospitalization. The study population was then categorized into four treatment patterns (1) ATR alone, (2) ATR and PAM, (3) ATR and GPR, (4) ATR, PAM and GPR. The data of patients presented at the emergency unit with the consumption of OPC compounds between the years 20 were retrospectively reviewed. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of various treatment regimens and identify the factors affecting mortality. Atropine (ATR) is an essential antidote in organophosphate and carbamate poisoning, with the inclusion of cholinesterase reactivators and other anticholinergics, namely pralidoxime (PAM) and glycopyrrolate (GPR). Use only the liquid medication in children under 13 years old do not use tablets.Organophosphate and carbamate (OPC) poisoning is a major global health hazard requiring immediate medical intervention. If no response within 48 hours, this medicine is unlikely to be effective. Reduce dose as soon as initial control of symptoms has been achieved. These doses are approximate adjust downward according to nutritional status and degree of dehydration. ![]() Maintenance dose: Once control is achieved, reduce dose to individual requirements, to as little as one quarter of the initial daily dosage Initial dose: 0.3 to 0.4 mg/kg of diphenoxylate, orally, in 4 divided doses If no improvement is seen within 10 days, symptoms are unlikely to respond to further administration. Clinical improvement is usually seen within 48 hours. Maximum dose: 20 mg diphenoxylate per day Maintenance dose: Once control is achieved, reduce dose to individual requirements, to as little as 2 tablets or 10 mL once a day ![]() Initial dose: 2 tablets or 10 mL (5 mg of diphenoxylate), orally, 4 times a day ![]() You may report side effects to FDA at 1-80.Ītropine and diphenoxylate dosing information Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Nausea, vomiting, upset stomach, loss of appetite or Rapid breathing, weak or shallow breathing ĭehydration symptoms-feeling very thirsty or hot, being unable to urinate, heavy sweating, or hot and dry skin.Ĭommon side effects of atropine and diphenoxylate may include:Ĭonfusion, feelings of extreme happiness Severe pain in your upper stomach spreading to your back įever, flushing (warmth, redness, or tingly feeling) Severe constipation, stomach pain or bloating Stop using this medicine and call your doctor at once if you have: This medicine may cause serious side effects. Some side effects may occur up to 30 hours after you take atropine and diphenoxylate. Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction: hives difficult breathing swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. ![]()
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